Introduction: Fungi broadly exist in the environment. Growing interest for natural and safe additives as well as concerns about synthetic fungicide have led to development of various fungicides. This study aimed to examine the effect of walnut THIN SHELL ethanolic extract on the growth of Penicillium species. Methods: Antifungal effects were assessed at four different concentrations ranging from 5 to 350 mg/ml. The extract dilutions were exposed to the desired fungi using the broth dilution method, and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of fungi were determined and compared with the effects of nystatin and fluconazole. Results: The MIC for Penicillium italicum was 15 mg/ml for both walnut THIN SHELL and fluconazole whereas it was 30 mg/ml for nystatin. Moreover, the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) for walnut THIN SHELL, fluconazole and nystatin were 250, 30 and 60 mg/ml, respectively. The MIC for Penicillium expansum was 30 mg/ml for both walnut THIN SHELL and fluconazole while it was 40 mg/ml for nystatin. The results also revealed that the MFC for these inhibitors was 300, 40 and 70 mg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, the MIC for Penicillium digitatum for both the SHELL walnut extract and nystatin was 40 mg/ml while it was 20 mg/ml for fluconazole. The MFC for walnut THIN SHELL, fluconazole and nystatin were 325, 100 and 70 mg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: THIN walnut SHELL extract has significant antifungal effects on Penicillium species and could be used as a natural antifungal. More research is required to assess the use of the extract for treatment of fungal infections.

One of the common failure modes of THIN cylindrical SHELL subjected external pressure is buckling. The buckling pressure of these SHELL structures are dominantly affected by the geometrical imperfections present in the cylindrical SHELL which are very difficult to alleviate during manufacturing process. In this work, only three types of geometrical imperfection patterns are considered namely (a) eigen affine mode imperfection pattern, (b) inward half lobe axisymmetric imperfection pattern extended throughout the height of the cylindrical SHELL and (c) local geometrical imperfection patterns such as inward dimple with varying wave lengths located at the mid-height of the cylindrical SHELL. ANSYS FE non-linear buckling analysis including both material and geometrical non-linearities is used to determine the critical buckling pressure. From the analysis it is found that when the maximum amplitude of imperfections is 1t, the eigen affine imperfection pattern gives out the lowest critical buckling pressure when compared to the other imperfection patterns considered When the amplitude of imperfections is above 1t, the inner half lobe axisymmetric imperfection pattern gives out the lowest critical buckling pressure when compared to the other imperfection patterns considered.

This study presents the optimized shape and thickness of THIN continuous concrete SHELL structures, minimizing their weight, deflection, and elastic energy change while meeting the performance requirements and minimizing material usage. Unlike previous studies that focused on single-objective optimization, this research focuses on multi-objective optimization (MOO) by considering three objective functions. This combination of objective functions has not been reflected in previous research, distinguishing this study. The computational design workflow incorporates a parametric model, multiple components for measuring objective functions in the grasshopper of Rhino, and a metaheuristic algorithm, the non-dominated sorting multi-objective genetic algorithm (NSGA-II), as the search tool, which was coded in Python. This workflow allows us to perform form-finding and optimization simultaneously. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this metaheuristic algorithm in structural optimization, we applied it in a case study of a well-known SHELL designed using the physical prototyping hanging model technique. Interpretations of samples of optimized results indicate that although solution 1 weighs nearly the same as solution 2, it has less deflection and strain energy. Solution 3, with a three-fold mass, has significantly less deflection and strain energy than solution 1 and solution 2, with deflection reductions of over 50 and 17%, respectively. Solutions 3 and 4 show better deflection and strain energy performance. Furthermore, a comparison of the MOO results with the Isler SHELL revealed that this method found a solution with less weight and deflection while being stiffer, confirming its practicality. The study found that MOO is a reliable method for form-finding and optimization, generating accurate and reasonable results.

It is well known that it is very difficult to manufacture perfect THIN cylindrical SHELL. Initial geometrical imperfections existing in the SHELL structure is one of the main determining factor for load bearing capacity of THIN cylindrical SHELL under uniform lateral pressure. As these imperfections are random, the strength of same size cylindrical SHELL will also random and a statistical method can be preferred to find the allowable load of these SHELL structures and therefore a In this work the cylindrical SHELL of size R/t = 228, L/R = 2 and t=1mm is taken for study. The random geometrical imperfections are modeled by linearly adding the first 10 eigen mode shapes using 2k full factorial design matrix of DoE. By adopting this method 1024 FE random imperfect cylindrical SHELL models are generated with tolerance limit of ± 1 mm. Nonlinear static FE analysis of ANSYS is used to find the buckling strength of these 1024 models. FE results of 1024 models are used to predict the reliability based on MVFOSM method.

Background: Living in a university just through attending the academic environment has always been full of different experiences that play a significant and unseen role in the formation of a formal and predetermined curriculum. The purpose of this study is to narrate the seven-year lived experiences of medical students in Mashhad University of medical Sciences about the factors constituting the hidden and NULL forms of their curriculum. Methods: This research was conducted with the qualitative method of content analysis through 1-Semi-structured personal interview with students of different basic and clinical levels of medicine, 2-Performing two-group interviews(Focus Group) 3-Reviewing and analyzing the content of all medical students’ logbooks, the section which is about the expression of experiences, criticisms and suggestions from attending different wards of the hospital and clinical training by using Graneheim and Lundman method in data analysis. Results: After analyzing individual and group interviews as well as analyzing students' logbooks, 942 initial codes were obtained. The codes were classified in 11 main classes with the following titles: Existence of specific educational plan, content materials and educational resources, master's pattern model, student role, teaching method, assessment method, teaching and learning strategies in the environment, the role of area, location, equipment and infrastructures, teaching time, gender composition and mixing, and the atmosphere governing relationships and the environment. Conclusion: In this study the factors that formed the hidden and NULL experiences of medical students were examined. The students expressed their experiences and their role in learning 11 dimensions. This demonstrated that attention by politicians, policy makers, and managers can create an environment full of dynamism and education.

This paper presents the study on influence external pressures on vibration of functionally graded materials THIN-walled cylindrical SHELL supported. The functionally graded materials (FGMs) properties are graded in the thickness direction of the SHELL. FGMs are advanced composite materials, consisting of different types of materials, in which the properties shift continuously from one material on the one side to another material on the other side with a specific gradient. The FGM cylindrical SHELL supported equations with external pressure are established based on classical SHELL theory with beam functions as axial modal function. The governing equations of motion were employed, using energy functional and by applying the Ritz method. The boundary conditions represented by end conditions of the FGM structure which are sliding-sliding, clamped-free and clamped-simply supported being considered. This problem was solved with computer programming using MAPLE package. Comparison results are carried out to verify the validity with published papers. The influence of the external pressures, loop support and effect of the different boundary conditions on natural frequencies of FGM THIN-walled cylindrical SHELL are studied.